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78 basic knowledge points of dental clinic

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Time of issue:2021-10-12 17:25
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(Summary description)The learning of basic knowledge occupies a very important position in the lifelong and continuous learning process of dentists. Organize 78 basic oral knowledge points, the author is unknown, the cont

78 basic knowledge points of dental clinic

Categories:News
Author:
Origin:
Time of issue:2021-10-12 17:25
Views:

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The learning of basic knowledge occupies a very important position in the lifelong and continuous learning process of dentists. Organize 78 basic oral knowledge points, the author is unknown, the content is practical, let's take a look!

1. Gutta-percha tip removal method: Use a G drill to remove the gutta-percha tip at 3-5mm of the root canal opening to provide space for the application of the solution. After that, carefully dissolve the gutta percha with a solution such as chloroform.

2. MTA is the latest material, the Chinese name is mineral trioxide polymer, gray powder, including calcium silicate, calcium oxide, calcium phosphate and other ingredients. Its biocompatibility and pressure resistance are strong, and it is better than other materials. Used for pulp capping, inner repair of perforation, root apex shaping and root inverted filling.

3. Inferior alveolar conduction anesthesia uses 3-4mm outside the end of the pterygomandibular fold as the penetration point. It is more stable than the tip of the buccal fat pad and will not shift due to the hypertrophy of the buccal and tongue muscles in the patient's mouth.

4. After the inactivation agent is sealed, there is less bleeding when the pulp is extracted, the field of vision is clear, and the operation is smooth. However, sometimes there is a lot of bleeding during pulp extraction under anesthesia. The reason is that the pulp is not completely removed, and the pulp can be continuously extracted with an enlarged needle. In the case of acute inflammation, local anesthesia is not recommended for pulp extraction, as the inflammation will easily spread and cause severe pain.

5. The 5-year success rate of dental implants is 84%-92% in the upper jaw and 91%-99% in the lower jaw; the 10-year success rate is 81%-82% in the upper jaw and 89%-98% in the lower jaw. . The 15-year success rate is about 78%-86%.

6. Surgical methods for replantation of accidentally prolapsed anterior teeth and wrongly extracted teeth:

(1) Pull out the affected tooth as usual

(2) Scrape the pathological tissues in the alveolar socket and clenched the gauze

(3) Wrap the tooth root with gauze soaked in saline for root canal treatment outside the body

(4) Remove the apical lesion tissue and try to preserve healthy periodontal tissue

(5) Put the tooth in the antibiotic solution and soak for a few minutes

(6) Implant the alveolar socket, pay attention to normal occlusion, ligate and fix, or not fix

(7) Do not chew on the affected side as much as possible within 1 month

7. Generally speaking, the ideal pit and fissure sealing should be done three times:

(1) 3-4 years old deciduous molar

(2) Six-year-old teeth at 6 years old

(3) Bicuspid teeth and second permanent molars are around 12 years old. Sealing of pits and fissures is not a panacea. The most important thing is to protect your teeth carefully.

8. The tooth with the dental nerve removed may also be painful. Due to the irritation of the toxin produced by the bacteria on the root tip, it will also cause swelling of the gums, which is often referred to as acute periapical periodontitis. In other words, incomplete root canal treatment and poor periodontal conditions can cause bacteria to produce toxins in the root tip.

9. Pure light fluoride and oxygen whitening is a brand-new tooth-beautification technology after fluoride whitening and cold light whitening. It passes high-intensity blue light through a multi-layer special optical lens to filter all harmful ultraviolet and infrared rays. It acts on a special whitening agent to quickly generate a redox reaction. Through the dentin tubules, it removes the pigments attached to the surface and deep layers of the teeth. , Achieve whitening effect.

10. Lidocaine has a history of allergy, so you should ask about allergy history in detail before injection.

11. Issues that need to be paid attention to when wearing movable dentures for the first time:

(1) I feel uncomfortable when I first put it on

(2) Tenderness may occur. If the compressed tissue is red and swollen, adjust the corresponding part of the denture or put occlusal paper on the lining of the denture to find out the compression point

(3) Soak the denture in cold water before going to bed

(4) Rinse after meals

(5) Dentures need to be replaced in 5-10 years. Because there is no physiological stimulation of teeth, the alveolar bone will gradually absorb

(6) Do not use organic solvents such as alcohol for disinfection, which will cause discoloration and roughness on the surface of the denture

12. The working principle of the ultrasonic cleaning machine is that the ultrasonic generator sends out a high-frequency electric signal, which is converted into mechanical oscillation by the transducer and transmitted to the medium, so tens of thousands of small bubbles can be produced. This kind of high-frequency electrical signal easily interferes with the electrical pulse output of the pacemaker, so heart patients with a pacemaker are not suitable for ultrasonic cleaning, but only for scraping.

13. Neural action potentials are caused by changes in cell membrane permeability caused by stimulation, resulting in Na+ influx and K+ outflow. The role of local anesthetics is to prevent this permeability change, that is, to block the Na+ channel. When the oral anesthetic is injected, the sympathetic nerve is inhibited, the parasympathetic nerve is relatively excited, and the saliva becomes thinner and more. The sympathetic nerve contains the tongue nerve, and the parasympathetic nerve innervates the salivary glands.

14. Commonly used drugs for oral ulcers:

(1) Shierkang (multivitamin)

(2) Huasu Tablets (Cidiiodine)

(3) Mouthyanqing granules, Yunnan Baiyao powder or capsules: After gargle with light salt water, take an appropriate amount of powder and spread on the ulcer wound, 3 times/day, 5-10 minutes/time. It has hemostasis, promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis and has anti-inflammatory effects.

15. Mouth ulcer experience:

(1) Washing rice and steaming rice can cause a large loss of B vitamins. Brown rice, lean meat, and milk should be eaten; if you are vegetarian, you should eat eggs and beans.

(2) Lecithin is contained in egg yolk, and long-term non-eating can lead to "rotten mouth corners". Eggs 1 day/piece.

(3) Eat more fruits and vegetables, at least 350 grams per day.

16. From the enamel surface to the enamel dentin boundary, caries usually takes 2 years.

17. The deciduous teeth on the permanent teeth are obviously erupted, and the deciduous teeth are stuck in real time. There must be roots deeply buried in the alveolar bone. Special care should be taken to prevent root breakage during tooth extraction.

18. You can bite a piece of ginger when you have nerve pain, and you can eat it raw.

19. When caries are painful: fresh garlic is peeled, smashed, and stuffed in caries after warming.

20. Gum swelling and pain: An appropriate amount of Yunnan Baiyao powder, warm boiled water to make a paste, apply to the gum area.

21. The latest point of view: Acid erosion is not the main cause of postoperative dentine hypersensitivity, but microleakage and air emboli enclosed in the dentin tubules are important reasons.

22. Most of the wedge-missing gingival scalars are gingival or subgingival. Gingival crevicular fluid can contaminate the gingival scalars waiting for bonding when we are unconscious, resulting in normal micro-leakage of the final bonding interface. This micro-leakage can be As a result, the adhesive force is reduced, and under the action of the alternating stress of the tooth neck, the speed of the resin filling body falling off is accelerated.

23. When lidocaine is in anaphylactic shock, it can be rescued by subcutaneous injection of 1:10000 1mm adrenaline, and the adrenaline can be diluted with normal saline. In severe cases, 1:10 negative renal intravenous drip can be used, and the speed and volume must be paid attention to.

24. Light-curing adhesives must be exposed to light. In this way, it can be cured before the composite resin is filled, so that the adhesive does not shift, and can be fully cured to form a stable bond to resist polymerization and shrinkage of the repair resin. In addition, the adhesive should not be too thick. (Tooth and Pulp), page 83 of the 6th edition.

25. Apical inflammation: vertical pain (++)

Periodontitis: lateral percussion pain (++)

26. Local periodontal inflammation is severe and bleeding. Use 1.5% hydrogen peroxide to rinse, which is less irritating.

27. Causes of bleeding gums:

(1) Dental calculus irritation

(2) Toothbrush irritation

(3) Dentures or residual crowns irritate the gums

(4) Lack of Vc

(5) Blood diseases

(6) Women are prone to bleeding during menstruation

(7) Bite injury

28. The base resin commonly used in dentistry is divided into thermosetting (heat-curing resin base) and self-curing (room temperature curing denture base resin), both of which are composed of dental tray water and dental tray powder.

Thermosetting Tooth tray powder: MMA homopolymer powder or copolymer powder Tooth tray water: MMA (methyl methacrylate), also called monomer

Self-setting Denture powder: PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) + initiator (BPO) (benzoyl peroxide) Denture water: MMA + accelerator (tertiary amine)

29. Since self-setting contains more initiators and accelerators than thermal coagulation, it can be coagulated without heating. The polymerization of self-curing resin is similar to the thermal coagulation process. BPO needs to decompose free radicals at 60 degrees to 80 degrees. To decompose free radicals at room temperature, tertiary amines are needed as accelerators, and free radicals open the molecular structure of MMA. The double bond initiates its polymerization.

30. Dexamethasone is a glucocorticoid, and the effects of injection and oral administration are ideal. It can be used for the treatment of acute inflammation. In the case that the patient is still painful after repeated closures of the medicine, the effect can be better.

31. The patient is more sensitive after removing the temporary crown when attaching the crown to the vital tooth:

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The standard procedure of the most complete root canal treatment, as well as the details

Root canal therapy is a special instrument used by doctors for root canal therapy to completely remove the infected pulp, infected dentin and toxic decomposition products, and after root canal washing, disinfection and tightly packing the root canal, it can isolate bacteria from entering the root canal and prevent re-infection. The occurrence of periapical disease may promote the healing of periapical disease.

2021-10-12